This page is incomplete. It displays memoes and/or notes.
Looking at the brain as composed of three parts: the basal brain, the limbic brain, and the neocortex. This view provides important insights into brain function and into brain evolution.
NOTE THAT THIS WILL DUPLICATE parts of Section 544, esp. 892, 893, 894, 898. It may be useful to present these related sections as "Section 544 is the view of pain science," while "Section 1211 (this section) is a view of affective science." This is a view, which is useful in making certain points, but of course is simplified. Que problema!
At the very rostral end we have the forebrain, or prosencephalon, which undergoes further subswellings to form the cerebral hemispheres of the telencephalon, as well as two main subcortical zones of the upper brain stem, the thalamus and hypothalamus, which are jointly known as the diencephalon. These are followed by th....
Panksepp, Jaak, "Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions", Oxford University Press, 1998, 67
If feeling happy or sad corresponds in good part to a change in neural representations of ongoing body states, then the explanation requires that the chemicals act on the sources of those neural representations, that is, the body proper itself, and the many levels of neural circuitry whose activity patterns represent th....
Damasio, Antonio R., "Descartes' Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain", Penguin Books, 1994, 161
"As emotions are generated, they are experienced both unconsciously in the body and consciously by the mind. For example, when we are frightened, our fear is initially registered with the amygdala. The amygdala communicates with the hypothalamus to set off a series of physiological responses that prepare the body for ac....
Archer, P. A., and Nelson, L. A., "Applied Anatomy & Physiology for Manual Therapists", Books of Discovery, 2021, 198
Overall, the brain expresses more of its genetic potential, estimated at about 50%, than any other organ of the body. This allows it to be the most complex and most plastic organ in the known universe.
Panksepp, Jaak, "Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions", Oxford University Press, 1998, 98
The major pattern of connections of the ventral striatum (Figure 4.10) is similar to that of the dorsal striatum except for the fact that higher inputs arise from the limbic/visceral cortices, including frontal, cingulate, and olfactory cortices and periamygdaloid areas, rather than those of the somatic neocortex.
Panksepp, Jaak, "Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions", Oxford University Press, 1998, 77
[Fig. 4-7, p. 69, shows a coronal section of the brain separating somatic/visceral and motor/sensory areas of the brain.]
Panksepp, Jaak, "Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions", Oxford University Press, 1998, 69
The right hemisphere becomes aroused in response to negative emotions, and damage here typically has few negative emotional consequences....comparable damage to the left frontal areas, which become aroused in response to positive emotions, can cause catastrophic emotional distress, and such patients are more prone to be....
Panksepp, Jaak, "Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions", Oxford University Press, 1998, 95
Several laboratories have now demonstrated that happy feelings, even sustaining a voluntary but sincere smile, will induce arousal (alpha blocking) in left frontal areas of the brain, while unhappy feelings, including disgust, will evoke larger arousal in right frontal areas. Indeed, individuals who are prone to depress....
Panksepp, Jaak, "Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions", Oxford University Press, 1998, 95
The brain is a hierarchical system (see Figure 2.2). Higher functions can operate only on the basis of lower functions; but quite often lower functions can operate independently of higher ones. Since the lower functions are essential, it is understandable why brain stem damage is generally more debilitating than cortica....
Panksepp, Jaak, "Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions", Oxford University Press, 1998, 79
Organized and sequenced instinctual behavior occurs only when the basal ganglia are connected to the hypothalamus and brain stem. In other words, the mere removal of the neocortex does not lead to major deficits in instinctual behaviors, although such animals are certainly not very bright.
Panksepp, Jaak, "Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions", Oxford University Press, 1998, 73
This degree of complexity makes it improbable that we will ever understand all brain functions at the resolution of a single cell. We will have to create understanding out of larger segments of the brain. Indeed, as already mentioned, the modular unit of the neocortex is a column, a vertically oriented functional groupi....
Panksepp, Jaak, "Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions", Oxford University Press, 1998, 74
[the emotional functions of the brain can be seen as the interaction of three systems. The emotional processes (in the limbic system) are subroutines that are controlled through the hypothalamic-limbic systems. Reason occurs in the neocortex, which is controlled through the thalamic-neocortical systems. The lower brain....
Panksepp, Jaak, "Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions", Oxford University Press, 1998, 20
[Paul] MacLean [ca. 1990] divided a vast architecture into three layers of evolutionary development: (1) the ancient reptilian brain, which elaborates the basic motor plans animals exhibit each day, as well as primitive emotions such as seeking, and some aspects of fear, aggression, and sexuality; (2) the more recent ol....
Panksepp, Jaak, "Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions", Oxford University Press, 1998, 70
A comparable segregation of sensory and motor processes is also apparent in the cortex, where motor processes are elaborated by the frontal lobe, while sensory processes are concentrated more posteriorly in the occipital (vision), temporal (hearing), and parietal (touch) lobes. Another organizational pattern is the medi....
Panksepp, Jaak, "Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions", Oxford University Press, 1998, 68-9
Because our focus is on emotions, my anatomical discussion will concentrate on those subcortical processes of the visceral nervous system, or limbic system, from which the primal impulse for emotionality emerges. Less emphasis will be placed on the thalamic-neocortical axis of the somatic nervous system, which harvests....
Panksepp, Jaak, "Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions", Oxford University Press, 1998, 61
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Within this section...
The Basal Brain (This page is incomplete.)
The Limbic System (This page is incomplete.)
The Neocortex (This page is incomplete.)
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Behavior Regulation Systems in the Brain (This page is incomplete.)