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The brain contains other basic emotional systems, including those that generate rage and various social emotions.
A summary of Panksepp's other systems.
Although the results [from PET studies] remain preliminary, it has been found that people prone to panic attacks exhibit overactivity in their right parahippocampal regions, where cognitive information from the cortex presumably enters emotional networks. During feelings of happiness, the brain tends to exhibit a reduct....
Panksepp, Jaak, "Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions", Oxford University Press, 1998, 95-6
there is probably a much larger number of affective feeling states that arise from the activities of motivational systems, such as those that mediate hunger, thirst, and sexual urges.
Panksepp, Jaak, "Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions", Oxford University Press, 1998, 41
[LUST, CARE, and PLAY are additional socioemotional systems that are less well-understood than the others.]
Panksepp, Jaak, "Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions", Oxford University Press, 1998, 54
Quite specific social-emotional processes appear to be mediated by oxytocin and vasopressin. Oxytocin promotes a female-typical tone of calm nurturance, while vasopressin conveys a message of male sexual persistence and aggressive assertiveness....Along with B-endorphin and CRF, these systems are prominent in specific s....
Panksepp, Jaak, "Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions", Oxford University Press, 1998, 112
To be a mammal is to be born socially dependent. Brain evolution has provided safeguards to assure that parents (usually the mother) take care of the offspring, and the offspring have powerful emotional systems to indicate that they are in nned of care (as reflected in crying or, as scientists prefer to say, s....
Panksepp, Jaak, "Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions", Oxford University Press, 1998, 54
[The PANIC system, source of separation anxiety and loneliness, contributes to anxiety. Relates to the burden of pain, when it leads to social isolation.]
Panksepp, Jaak, "Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions", Oxford University Press, 1998, 212
In all species that have been studied, playfulness is inhibited by motivations such as hunger and negative emotions, including loneliness, anger, and fear.
Panksepp, Jaak, "Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions", Oxford University Press, 1998, 18
Working in opposition to SEEKING is a system that mediates anger. RAGE is aroused by frustration and attempts to curtail an animal's freedom of action. It has long been known that one can enrage both animals and humans by stimulating very specific parts of the brain, which parallel the trajectory of the FEAR system. Thi....
Panksepp, Jaak, "Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions", Oxford University Press, 1998, 54
Many stimuli can provoke anger, but the most common are the irritations and frustrations that arise from events that restrict freedom of action or access to resources.
Panksepp, Jaak, "Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions", Oxford University Press, 1998, 187
...at present there is good biological evidence for at least seven innate emotional systems ingrained within the mammalian brain. In the vernacular, they include fear, anger, sorrow, anticipatory-eagerness, play, sexual lust, and maternal nurturance. There are many more affective feelings, such as hunger, thirst, tiredn....
Panksepp, Jaak, "Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions", Oxford University Press, 1998, 47
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