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The relation between pain and emotion is seen as making pain a psychological phenomenon.
["Emotional" == emotional faces, unpleasant music, unpleasant odors] Negative emotional states produced by looking at emotional faces, listening to unpleasant music, or smelling unpleasant odors alter pain perception, with the largest effect on pain unpleasantness rather than [on] the sensory-discriminative components o....
McMahon, S. B., Koltzenberg, M., Tracy, I., and Turk, D. C., "Wall and Melzack's Textbook of Pain", Elsevier Saunders, 2013, 120
[Baliki et al. 2008 conducted an fMRI study that tested CBP patients before and after a two-week period of treatment with a lidocaine patch applied to the painful area of the back. The researchers] concluded that the spontaneous pain appearing in patients with CBP was primarily of an emotional nature and assumed that l....
Turk, Dennis, and Melzack, Ronald, "Handbook of Pain Assessment", The Guildford Press, 2011, 167
As defined by the International Association for the Study of Pain, "[pain] is unquestionably a sensation in a part or parts of the body but it is also always unpleasant and therefore also an emotional experience"....[Modern understanding of emotion focuses on its motivational character.]
Gatchel, R. J., Peng, Y. B., Peters, M. L., Fuchs, P. N., and Turk, D. C., "The BioPsychoSocial Approach to Chronic Pain: Scientific Advances and Future Directions", Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 133, No. 4: 2007 (Biopsychosocial Approach to Chronic Pain.pdf), 598
...Flor and colleagues (1985) reported no differences in heart rate during resting baseline or during various stressors (brief cold pressor, mental math, discussion of personally relevant stress and pain episodes) between patients with CBP and healthy controls. On the other hand, Arntz [et al.] (1991) found lower hear....
Turk, Dennis, and Melzack, Ronald, "Handbook of Pain Assessment", The Guildford Press, 2011, 158
It is particularly interesting that stimulation in the punishment centers [of the brain] can frequently inhibit the reward and pleasure centers completely, demonstrating that punishment and fear can take precedence over pleasure and reward.
Guyton, A. C. and Hall, J. E., "Textbook of Medical Physiology, Eleventh Edition", Elsevier Saunders, 2006, 735
In addition to the anticipation of pain and associated physiological processes, the subjective evaluation of pain may be modified by its association with affective variables, such as positive, negative, or neutral emotional states. Wunsch and colleagues (2003) showed that aversive slides paired with a painful stimulus l....
McMahon, S. B., Koltzenberg, M., Tracy, I., and Turk, D. C., "Wall and Melzack's Textbook of Pain", Elsevier Saunders, 2013, 269
In the late nineteenth century, when medicine first began the systematic study of mental problems, the nature of traumatic memory was one of thecentral topics under discussion. In France and England a prodigious number of articles were published on a syndrome known as "railway spine,” a psychological aftermath of railro....
Van Der Kolk, Bessel, "The Body Keeps the Score: Brain, Mind, and Body in the Healing of Trauma", Penguin Books, 2015, 178-9
End of included memoes/notes