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In addition to specific ANS pain phenomena, the role of ANS in stress response is a continual stressor to the organism.
A unique and potentially important form of sympathetic-sensory coupling occurs within the DRG. In nerve-injured animals and in humans, sympathetic efferents that normally serve local blood vessels proliferate within the ganglion and form unique basket-like skeins around sensory somata. Since the sympathetic axons have n....
McMahon, S. B., Koltzenberg, M., Tracy, I., and Turk, D. C., "Wall and Melzack's Textbook of Pain", Elsevier Saunders, 2013, 872
By way of the slowly transported chemical message, the dorsal root ganglion cells 'know' that their axons are damaged. The RNA is reorganized, and many of the peptides and enzymes that are normally synthesized no longer appear. At the same time, physiological changes are in progress in which the dorsal root ganglion cel....
Melzack, R. and Wall, P. D., "The Challenge of Pain (Reprint of 1988 edition)", Penguin Books, 2008, 113-4
Where these filaments touch or pass over or near the cells to be stimulated, they usually have bulbous enlargements called varicosities....When an action potential spreads over the terminal fibers, the depolarization process increases the permeability of the fiber membrane to calcium ions, allowing these ions to....
Guyton, A. C. and Hall, J. E., "Textbook of Medical Physiology, Eleventh Edition", Elsevier Saunders, 2006, 751
[Caption of Fig. 13-6] A, These types of coupling depend on the activity of sympathetic neurons and on expression of functional adrenoceptors by the afferent neurons or mediation indirectly via blood vessels (blood flow). It can occur in the periphery (1), in the dorsal root ganglion (3), or possibly also in the lesi....
McMahon, S. B., Koltzenberg, M., Tracy, I., and Turk, D. C., "Wall and Melzack's Textbook of Pain", Elsevier Saunders, 2013, 205
Nociceptors have unmyelinated or small-diameter myelinated axons and are numerically the largest group of primary afferent neurons.....Vagal afferents innervating the gastroduodenal section of the gastrointestinal tract and excited by mucosally applied acid are involved in nociceptive protective reactions but probably n....
McMahon, S. B., Koltzenberg, M., Tracy, I., and Turk, D. C., "Wall and Melzack's Textbook of Pain", Elsevier Saunders, 2013, 199-200
In clinical diagnosis, pain from the different viscera of the abdomen and chest is one of the few criteria that can be used for diagnosis of visceral inflammation, visceral infectious disease, and other visceral ailments. Often, the viscera have sensory receptors for no other modalities of sensation besides pain. Also....
Guyton, A. C. and Hall, J. E., "Textbook of Medical Physiology, Eleventh Edition", Elsevier Saunders, 2006, 603-4
Pain impulses pass first from the appendix through visceral pain fibers located within sympathetic nerve bundles, and then into the spinal cord at about T-10 or T-11; this pain is referred to an area around the umbilicus and is of the aching, cramping type. Pain impulses often also often originate in the parietal perit....
Guyton, A. C. and Hall, J. E., "Textbook of Medical Physiology, Eleventh Edition", Elsevier Saunders, 2006, 605
Immediately after a sympathetic or parasympathetic nerve is cut, the innervated organ loses its sympathetic or parasympathetic tone. In the case of the blood vessels, for instance, cutting the sympathetic nerves results within 5 to 30 seconds in almost maximal vasodilation. However, over minutes, hours, days, or weeks....
Guyton, A. C. and Hall, J. E., "Textbook of Medical Physiology, Eleventh Edition", Elsevier Saunders, 2006, 756
Effects of the nervous system on joints are mediated by (1) primary afferent neurons that release neuropeptides in peripheral tissue, (2) post-ganglionic sympathetic efferent axons in the joint nerve, and (3) neuroendocrine systems such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis....Stressful events activate the SNS and....
McMahon, S. B., Koltzenberg, M., Tracy, I., and Turk, D. C., "Wall and Melzack's Textbook of Pain", Elsevier Saunders, 2013, 618-9
...sensations from the abdomen and thorax are transmitted through two pathways to the central nervous system--the true visceral pathway and the parietal pathway. True visceral pain is transmitted via pain sensory fibers within the autonomic nerve bundles, and the sensations are referred to surface....
Guyton, A. C. and Hall, J. E., "Textbook of Medical Physiology, Eleventh Edition", Elsevier Saunders, 2006, 604
First, ongoing central inhibition of nociceptive impulse transmission (probably occurring in the dorsal horn), which is normally maintained by spontaneous activity in vagal afferents, is removed after vagotomy (Fig. 13-10) and results in a small but significant enhancement of nociceptive behavior generated by mechanical....
McMahon, S. B., Koltzenberg, M., Tracy, I., and Turk, D. C., "Wall and Melzack's Textbook of Pain", Elsevier Saunders, 2013, 208-9
Activation of vagal afferents in this way [In what way?] leads to activation of neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarii and subsequently activation of noradrenergic neurons in the A1 and A2 areas of the brain stem that project to the hypothalamus. Stimulation of somatic tissues by lipopolysaccharide with resultant loc....
McMahon, S. B., Koltzenberg, M., Tracy, I., and Turk, D. C., "Wall and Melzack's Textbook of Pain", Elsevier Saunders, 2013, 202
https://www.acofp.org/news-and-publications/blogs/acofp-voice/2023/06/28/osteopathic-perspective-viscerosomatic-reflexes-enteroceptive-awareness
Hangartner, Ross, "Personal note", Anon, 2015
End of included memoes/notes