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Reliability, subjectivity, lack of common referent. Reporting of pain in vernacular English, such as the McGill Pain Questionnaire.
A theoretical framework for understanding self-report and observational measures of pain: a communications model. Abstract Self-report and observational measures of pain are examined from the perspective of a model of human communication. This model examines the experience of pain as affected by intrapersonal and cont....
Hadjistavropoulus T and Craig KD, "A theoretical framework for understanding self-report and observational measures of pain: a communications model.", Behaviour research and therapy: 2002
[Published checklists and scales for pain observations are often based on inaccurate pain cues.]
Turk, Dennis, and Melzack, Ronald, "Handbook of Pain Assessment", The Guildford Press, 2011, 126-7
The report of pain is related to numerous variables, such as cultural background, past experience, the meaning of the situation, personality variables, attention, arousal level, emotions, and reinforcement contingencies....
Turk, Dennis, and Melzack, Ronald, "Handbook of Pain Assessment", The Guildford Press, 2011, 8
End of included memoes/notes