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Describes and explains the use of animal models in brain research. The use of animal models allows studies that aren't permissible with human subjects.
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brain opioids promote the development of food and social preferences. However, there are no drugs that can activate most other neuropeptide systems following peripheral administration. In the absence of such pharmacological tools, practically the only way to study neuropeptide functions is to observe physiological and b....
Panksepp, Jaak, "Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions", Oxford University Press, 1998, 103
Many of the emotional command influences are mediated by specific neuropeptides, of which several hundred have already been characterized (see Chapter 6). Several discrete emotions can now be manipulated via the stimulation and blockade of individual neurochemistries. Since these neurochemistries can be easily visualize....
Panksepp, Jaak, "Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions", Oxford University Press, 1998, 28
[In animals, groups of related neurons can be located and traced through RNA and other protein products of DNA.]
Panksepp, Jaak, "Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions", Oxford University Press, 1998, 93
The use of carefully chosen animal models in exploring the underlying brain processes is essential for making substantive progress. Even with recent advances'" in functional brain imaging and clinical psychopharmacology, the human brain cannot be ethically studied in sufficient detail to allow the level of analysis need....
Panksepp, Jaak, "Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions", Oxford University Press, 1998, 3
One of the most difficult problems is that the brain has so many endogenous subcortical functions (i.e., ones that were constructed through evolutionary selection rather than within the individual life experiences of an organism), and we cannot readily study such processes In humans using electrical recording procedures....
Panksepp, Jaak, "Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions", Oxford University Press, 1998, 81
At the present time, our scientific aim can be more profitably focused on the shared foundations rather than the many surface differences and particularities of each species.
Panksepp, Jaak, "Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions", Oxford University Press, 1998, 17
Even though our unique higher cortical abilities, especially when filtered through contemporary thoughts, may encourage us to pretend that we lack instincts—that we have no basic emotions—such opinions are not consistent with the available facts. Those illusions are created by our strangely human need to aspire to be mo....
Panksepp, Jaak, "Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions", Oxford University Press, 1998, 21
Fortunately, if one learns the subcortical neuroanatomy of one mammalian species, one has learned the ground plan for all other mammals.
Panksepp, Jaak, "Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions", Oxford University Press, 1998, 60
Humans have pain-modulating circuitry homologous to the PAG-RVM system outlined in animals, a conclusion based on several lines of evidence. First, this brain stem-to-spinal cord circuitry is conserved in a variety of mammalian species, including rodents, carnivores, primates, and marsupials. Importantly, the distributi....
McMahon, S. B., Koltzenberg, M., Tracy, I., and Turk, D. C., "Wall and Melzack's Textbook of Pain", Elsevier Saunders, 2013, 141
Our most realistic hope to adequately understand the sources of our own basic emotions is through the deployment of animal models that allow us to study the underlying neural intricacies in reasonable detail.
Panksepp, Jaak, "Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions", Oxford University Press, 1998, 10
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