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Pain processing in the brain follows two separate but interconnected paths, which can be called the high and low processing routes.
[With frontal lobe damage] The neural systems that would have allowed them to learn what to avoid or prefer are malfunctioning, and are unable to develop responses suitable to a new situation.
Damasio, Antonio R., "Descartes' Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain", Penguin Books, 1994, 221
[V. S. Ramachandran, M.D.] “He [Ramachandran] summed this up as follows: “Pain is an opinion on the organism’s state of health rather than a mere reflexive response to injury.”….So pain, like the body image, is a construct of our brain. [This strikes me as horribly misleading. The nervous system uses the body image to....
Norman Doidge. M.D., "The Brain That Changes Itself", Penguin Books, 2007, 192
Affective consciousness may not be as important in instigating rapid emotional responses as it is in longer-term psychobehavioral strategies.
Panksepp, Jaak, "Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions", Oxford University Press, 1998, 34
In addition to well-organized inputs (afferents) from the thalamus and other cortical areas, the major inputs (efferents) of the cortex are descending circuits back to the thalamus, as well as massive dispersion of information into the basal ganglia (Figure 4.10). The output of the entire cortical mantle to the striatum....
Panksepp, Jaak, "Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions", Oxford University Press, 1998, 74
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